Communication and Network

Modulation :-

        Modulation is the process of changeable properties of high frequency periodic waveform with a regulating signal which contains information to be transmitted. It can be used to alternating current, to direct current, and to optical signals.









Demodulation :-

        Demodulation is the opposite of modulation. It is the act of extracting the original data-bearing signal from a regulating carrier wave. It converts analog signals back into digital signals. It is also called detection.

Bandwidth :-

        Bandwidth is the range of frequencies used to transmit signals. It is a range within a band of wavelengths. It has a transmission capacity of a computer network or other telecommunication system.

TCP/IP :-

        TCP/IP is abbreviated as Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. They are a set of protocols used to take control the connection of the systems in the computer to the Internet. They are the basic language of the Internet.

Node :-

        Node is a connection point used to build linked data structures. For example, a computer-based representations of the graph. It is where two or more circuit elements meet.

Client :-

        A client runs on a personal computer or workstation and accesses a remote service on a server by way of a network. It is a node that asks and uses resources available from other nodes.

Server :-

        A server is a computer program that has been assigned to hold large quantities of data and stream it to the users who requested them. It manages access to a consolidated resource or service in a network.

Network Operating System :-

        A network operating system is also known as NOS. It is an operating system that holds components and programs that allows a computer on a network to serve requests from other computers for information. It controls the computer systems, peripherals and the communication between them.

Network Administrator :-

        A network administrator is a computer professional that is responsible for maintaining the computer hardware and software comprises a computer network. In other words, a network administrator is responsible for efficient network operations and implementation of all networks.

Secondary Storage

Disk Caching :-

        Disk caching is part of RAM used to temporarily hold information read from a disk, which speeds up the process. It stores copies of frequently used disk sectors so they can be read easily.






File Compression :-

        File compression is the process of confining information in a file in order to save space or transmission time. It is used to reduce storage requirements.




File Decompression :-

        File decompression is the opposite of file compression. It decodes the information that has been compressed back to its original state.

Internet Hard Drive :-

        Internet hard drive is also known as an online storage. It helps to store or back up your files or data over the Internet. The storage of digital information as fully accessible on the network in daily use.







Optical Disc Drive :-

        An optical disc drive is a disk drive that uses laser beams or electromagnetic waves near the light spectrum as part of retrieving or storing data on optical discs like CDs and DVDs.

Solid-State Storage :-

        A solid-state storage is a nonvolatile, removable storage medium that employs integrated circuits rather than optical media or magnetic media. It is memory component with no moving parts, typically built around a kind of semiconductor circuit.

Input and Output

Ergonomic Keyboard :-

        An ergonomic keyboard is a computer keyboard was designed to absolve stress that continual typing causes on the hands, wrists, and fingers. Some ergonomic keyboards have a fixed layout, while others are able to be moved. There are many types of ergonomic keyboards such as, the split keyboard, the contoured keyboard and the angled split keyboard.

Ergonomic keyboard

Ink-jet printer :-

        An ink-jet printer is a type of printer that reproduces an image by propelling droplets of liquid material onto paper. It is the most commonly used printer.

Laser printer :-

        A laser printer is a printer which utilizes a laser beam or light to form dot-matrix patterns and an electrostatic process to fuse metallic particles to paper. It produces good quality material.

Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition :-

       Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition is abbreviated as MICR. It is a connection recognition technology system that uses special ink and characters which can be magnetized and read automatically. It is often used by the banking industry to assist in the processing of cheques.

Optical-Character Recognition :-

        Optical-Character Recognition is abbreviated to OCR. It is an automatic conversion of scanned images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text into computer text. It is through means of an optical scanner and specialized software.

Optical-Mark Recognition :-

        Optical-Mark Recognition, which is also called Optical Mark Reading or OMR, is the process of electronically extracting intended data from marked fields. It gathers data with an optical scanner by measuring the reflection of light at prearranged position on a surface.

System Unit

RAM :-
       
       RAM is also known as random-access memory. It is a form of computer data storage. RAM is the place in a computer where the application programs, data in current use and the operating system are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer's processor. There are two different types of RAM which are DRAM, Dynamic Random Access Memory, and SRAM, Static Random Access Memory. DRAM is a the more common type but when it comes to a faster memory, SRAM is faster.

Cache :-

        Cache is a short-term storage. It is used to accelerate some computer operations by storing data for a time being that is most likely to be used again. It is a RAM that a computer integrated circuit can be connected faster than a regular RAM.

ROM :-

        ROM is an abbreviation of Read-only memory. ROM is a computer memory that can store your data for good. It is kind of the opposite of RAM. Even when you shut down the computer, the data that have been stored in ROM doesn't get lost unlike RAM. Within ROM, there is a program that allows your computer to be reboot or refresh every time it is turned on. ROM cannot be adjusted. It is a "built in" computer concept that holds data that normally only can be read and not written to.

Flash Memory :-

        Flash memory is a type of memory chip that maintains data even though power supply is unavailable. It is a nonvolatile storage that can be wiped of and reprogrammed. It is often used in memory cards, USB flash drives and many more, for common transferring and storing data between computers and digital devices.







Graphic Card :-

        A graphic card is also known as a video card. It is a gadget that is set up in the computer. It has a graphics processing unit that is designed to assist in the display and process of graphics. Graphic cards are printed circuit boards that perform double roles of sending pixels to the display and they give a particular type of processing by using a graphical processing unit.











Sound Card :-

        A sound card is an element inside a computer that supports audio output and input potentiality. It is essential for almost all CD-ROMs and is very common in computers nowadays. It is a device that can be put into the computer for the usage for multimedia productions.

Network Interface Card :-

        A Network Interface Card can be shortened to NIC. It is a card that is built into the computer so that it can be connected to a certain network. It lets information proceed between the user's computer to other networks. Most NICs are created for a specific type of network, protocol, and media, however only some can suffice diverse networks.



Plug & Play :-

        


        Plug & Play is easier known as PnP. Plug & Play is a guideline for connection of components to personal computers, where a gadget only needs to be connected to a computer to be able to be set up to work flawlessly even without the users doing anything to it.







Universal Serial Bus Port (USB) :-

        A Universal Serial Bus Port or easily known as a USB port, is a customary cable connection interface on personal computers and consumer electronics. It is the most used hardware interface for attaching components or elements to a computer. It lets data to be transmitted between a device to another. USB ports also supplies electric power access to devices through a cable without their own power source. USB ports connects peripheral devices like digital cameras, mice, external hard disks, thumb drives and many more.

Serial Port :-

        A serial port is a connector through which a gadget can send data one bit at a time by using a computer. It is used to connect modems, data acquisition terminals or other devices through a serial interface. However, serial ports have been replaced by USB ports and other similar interfaces because of its slow speeds for plug-in connections to desktop computers.




Parallel Port :-

        A parallel port is a connector for gadgets that sends or receives various bits of data at the same time by using a few wires. It is a cable on a computer used to connect devices like printers through a parallel interface.








Firewire Port :-

        A Firewire port is a type of a serial port that makes use of the FireWire technology for transferring data very quickly from one device to another. It is normally used to transfer large files like videos.

Ethernet Port :-

        An Ethernet port is a socket on a computer or network device for plugging in an Ethernet cable. It is a connection point for, according to wikipedia.com, a family of frame-based computer networking technologies for local area networks.

High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) Port :-

        The HDMI port is a standard for video networking which can support all HDTV standards. It is an input and output connection for transferring of digital HD videos and multichannel audio over a single cable.

Basic and Specialized Application Software

Graphical User Interface (GUI) :-
       The Graphical User Interface or for short GUI, is a user interface based on graphics like icons, pictures and menus, instead of text. It is used by the most updated operating systems. In other words, it is a human-computer interface. It takes advantage of the computer's graphics capacity for easier use of the program.





Word Processor :-
        A word processor, or sometimes abbreviated as WP, is formally known as a document preparation system. It is a purposeful computer or program for accumulating, conducting, and formatting text entered from a keyboard and providing a printout. It is a software used to produce documents like posters, reports and letters.

Spreadsheet :-
        A spreadsheet is a computer program usually used for accounting, in which figures arranged in the rows and columns of a grid can be conducted and used in calculations. It is a screen-oriented interactive that allows a user to put financial data on the screen.

DBMS :-
        DBMS, also known as Database Management System, is a software system that assists the creation and maintenance, and use of an electric database. It is also a software that administers the organization, storage, retrieval, security and integrity of data in the database.







Utility Suites / Software :-
        Utility suites or software are a kind of system software made to help examine, set up, optimize and sustain the computer. They are computer programs normally provided by a computer hardware manufacturer or software vendor and used in running the system. Its methods can be used to examine processing activity and to test programs.

Audio Editing Software :-
        Audio editing software is a computer application for manipulating digital audio - digital audio editors are the main software component of a digital audio workstation - to change length, speed and volume or to create loops.

 

Bitmap Image :-
        Bitmap image is also known as a raster image. It uses thousands of pixels in a grid. Each pixel contains colour information for the image. Bitmap images have fixed resolution which means that its quality decreases in terms of distortion and jagged edges, when the image is enlarged.







Desktop Publishing Program :-
        Desktop Publishing Programs are also known as page layout programs. They allow one to use dissimilar typefaces, designate distinct margins and justifications, and install illustrations and graphs straight into the text. Desktop publishing programs are used to create document like brochures, newsletters and books.

HTML Editor :-
        A HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)  Editor or also called an authoring tool, is a software to create web pages. It embeds a HTML code as one works with a HTML file. Specially designed HTML editors offer convenience and added practicability.









Image Editor :-
        Image editors are programs that allows one to capture, manipulate and edit a certain image. They modify bitmap images like GIFs, JPEGs and BMPs. They can expand, crop, and adjust brightness, contrast and colours of an image.











Multimedia :-
        Multimedia, or also known as "rich media", is the use of computers to produce text, animation, video, sound and graphics in a joined way. It is the information of multiple formats. It is the interactivity of several media types in a single digital object.

Vector Image :-
        A vector image is a type of a graphic file. Unlike bitmap images, vector images use geometric shapes or objects like points, lines, curves, ellipses and polygons, and shapes. Vector images usually contain less data than bitmap images and so it is therefore easier to alter, resize, coloured and manipulated.

The Internet, the Web and Electronic Commerce

URL :-
        URL stands for Uniform ( or Universal ) Resource Locator. It is a string of characters used to represent and identify a page of information on the World Wide Web. It specifies where an identified resource is available and the mechanism of retrieving it. It identifies a particular file on the Internet, usually consisting of the protocol, as http, followed by the domain name.

HTML :-

        HTML stands for Hypertext markup Language, an exchangeable system for tagging text files to achieve font, colour, graphic, and hyperlink effects on the World Wide Web pages. It is a set of tags and rules for using them in expanding hypertext documents. It also provides a means to create structured documents by indicating structural semantics for texts.

Javascript :-

        Javascript is an object-oriented composing language used to enable programmatic access to objects within both the client application and other applications. It has the broadest and general term which comprises all subsets said on the page. The composing language used in web content development is for creating functions that can be entrenched in or contained from HTML documents. It also adds in common features to webpages.

Applets :-
        Applets are very small Internet-based programs written in Java which can be keyed in by any computer. They are any small application that performs one particular task that runs within the amplitude of an ample program, often as a plug-in. They are usually installed in a HTML page on a Web site and can be administrated from within a browser.

Blogs :-
        Blogs is a abbreviation of the term "web log". They are personal websites on which an individual maintains by posting regular entries of commentary, opinions, graphics and videos. They also enable users to reflect and discuss topics in the form of an online journal while readers may comment on them. They can be also defined as constant, progressive publications of personal thoughts and web links.

Wikis :-
        Wikis are websites that allow joint editing of its content and structure by its users. They are usually web applications that run on one or several web servers. In other words, they are a similar online resource which allow users to add and edit its content conjointly.

FTP :-

        FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is something like the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTML, and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, SMTP. It is an application protocol that uses the Internet's TCP / IP protocol. It is a benchmark for the transfer of program files across a network. It exchanges files from one computer or system to another.

Plug-in :-

        A plug-in is a set of software elements that adds particular abilities to a larger software application. It is able to be added to a system for extra features. It is a program that can easily be installed and used as part of the web browser.

Filter :-

        A filter is a piece of software that converts text like to remove spaces that are not wanted or to format it for use in another application. It is normally found on the broadband router firmware. A filter allows you to set up a list of allowed websites that can be used by several users, and any website not listed will not be displayed.

Internet Security Suites :-
        The Internet security suites is a suite of utilities - utilities like the antivirus, personal firewall, and the spam and popup blocker - for maintaining the security of a computer software or a website.